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Nato spelling alphabet czar tsar6/9/2023 ![]() Numbers of four digits or more should have commas (2,000). Numbers should be written out up to one hundred and after that as figures (twenty-three, 156). Romanov not Romanoff, Tsar not Czar, Caliph not Khalīfah, Shah not Šāh). from Russian, Greek, Chinese, Arabic) should be done in the most common modern English form (e.g. Transliterations into the Roman alphabet (e.g. Exceptions exist for names usually seen in English in their original, for various reasons, such as Ludwig of Bavaria. Names of foreign kings and queens should be given in their English form where one exists (Charles VI, Catherine the Great, Henry IV). Names of institutions such as universities, libraries and museums should use the original language, except where the English equivalent is commonly used. Names of towns, cities and countries should be in English where they are commonly used (Prague and Vienna rather than Praha and Wien). In such cases, this should always be followed by an English translation in square brackets or the footnote. ![]() There may be occasions where a contributor wishes to quote a phrase or abridged extract in its original language. Original texts can appear in the footnotes. If a contributor wishes to quote a passage of text from the source material in a language other than English, they should translate it into English. Quotations should have single inverted commas (quotation marks). With numbers, they are used in adjectival form, but not otherwise: a twenty-eight-year-old bird with a thirty-two-foot wingspan but the bird is twenty-eight years old and has a wingspan of thirty-two feet. Hyphens should not be used for compounds with adverbs ending in '-ly' ('beautifully written books').Īlways use two hyphens for compound words such as up-to-date. 'sixteenth-century literature', 'slow-sailing vessel', 'well-known books'), but not in structures such as 'the book is well known', 'this was in the sixteenth century'. Hyphens should be used in compound adjectives and adverbs (e.g. ![]() Do not use the apostrophe for plurals: MPs and CDs 1760s, not 1760's. omitted matter) should be indicated by the square brackets and three dots with a space on either side.)Ĭontracted words and acronyms do not require dots (Mr, St, NATO, ills, eds, vols, fols), though abbreviations do (vol., col., ed., pp.).Īn apostrophe and an additional 's' should be used for the possessive form of singular proper names ending in 's' (e.g. (See section 6 for spellings of proper names).Įllipses (i.e. ![]() Generic institutions, household or government departments or offices, principal and unique rooms in palaces and other important buildings, and so on should always have upper case initial letters: the Privy Council, the Imperial Court Chancellery, the Bohemian Chamber, the Highest Chancellor, the Withdrawing Room (but 'the court' is lower case).Īccents and italics should not be used for words fully adopted into English, such as role, regime, elite. the King regularly corresponded with other European kings.Ī title is capitalised when directly preceding a proper name: Archduke Leopold, Countess Nostitz, Baron Ugarte. The '-ise' word ending is preferred ('organise' not 'organize').Ĭapitalise initial letters in titles and office-holders when directly associated with one specific individual, especially when the title is used on its own: E.g. Spelling should follow standard British English usage. Common issues of spelling and punctuation Do not use numbers for these, but put them in boldface.Ģ. We encourage sub-headings to help guide the reader navigate, but not too many. Leave only a single space between a full stop and the beginning of the next sentence. Use 1.5 indents at the beginning of every paragraph. The text should be left-aligned, not justified. Footnote text should be size 10, also Times New Roman. Articles should be submitted in Times New Roman, font size 12.
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